I have had the same problem with a Rpi 4 4Gb using PatchOS for Modep: after an upgrade earlier this month, I ended up with no USB devices recognised (lsusb just showed the same one line as @risktoparkrageram above). Using dmesg, I could see that the USB devices were recognised during boot time, it’s just that after boot, they were not available
Not willing to reinstall, I have found the following page describing the same problem: Raspberry Pi 4 4Gb modems : USB ports don’t work on ubuntu 19-10. I have updated /boot/config.txt with the text total_mem=3072 right at the end, and rebooted.
While /proc/meminfo/ only shows 3 Gb of RAM for now, at least all my USB devices are showing up.
This may be a useful alternative for those who like do not want to reinstall from scratch.